%0 Journal Article %A Abedini, K %A Darvishi, M %A Zareiy, S %A Samadpoor, M %A Eskandari, A %T Meningococcal infection and its effective vaccines %J EBNESINA %V 12 %N 1 %U http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-203-en.html %R %D 2009 %K N. meningitides, Vaccine, Meningococcal infection, %X Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other invasive bacterial infections, both in the United States and worldwide. The role of the meningococcus as a cause of bacterial meningitis has become more important in recent years with the declines in meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae because of the introduction of new conjugate vaccines, Listeria because of efforts to reduce the contamination of food with L. monocytogenes, and group B streptococcus because of the use of chemoprophylaxis during parturition in women. The development of a pneumococcal vaccine six decades ago demonstrated the feasibility of vaccine prevention of invasive encapsulated bacterial diseases. Purified polysaccharide vaccines for serogroups A and C N. meningitidis were developed several decades later. Early vaccines were poorly immunogenic apparently because the polysaccharides that were used were of low molecular weight, whereas vaccines made from polysaccharide with a molecular weight over 100,000 had excellent immunogenicity. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines, are typically T-cell dependent, which as regards of immunologic improvements over polysaccharide vaccines. The carrier proteins used for meningococcal conjugate vaccines have included tetanus toxoid protein, diphtheria toxoid, and diphtheria cross-reactive material (CRM)197. The immunogenicity of a variety of outer membrane protein- based serogroup B vaccines has been studied. In an evaluation of three doses of a Cuban B:4:P1.15 vaccine and a Norwegian B:15:P1.7,16 showed that more than two-thirds of children and adults had at least a fourfold rise in SBA, as did at least 90% of infants %> http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-203-en.pdf %P 41-49 %& 41 %! %9 Original %L A-10-2-146 %+ %G eng %@ 1735-9503 %[ 2009