Investigating the ability of motor performance tests to predict frailty and related disorders in elderly men

Rangavar, Masud; Kazemi, Abdolreza; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Kerendi, Hadi

doi:10.22034/26.4.57

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Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winter 2024)

EBNESINA 2024, 26(4): 57-67

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Investigating the ability of motor performance tests to predict frailty and related disorders in elderly men

Masud Rangavar

, Abdolreza Kazemi ^*

, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

, Hadi Kerendi

Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran , rkazemi22@yahoo.com

Keywords: Elderly, Frailty, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life

Full-Text [PDF 1459 kb] (215 Downloads) | Abstract (HTML) (661 Views)

Type of Study: Original |
Received: 2024/09/27 | Revised: 2025/03/12 | Accepted: 2024/12/9 | Published: 2024/12/21

Extended Abstract: (276 Views)

Introduction

Aging is a natural process characterized by gradual changes in the metabolic activity of organs and a decline in the regenerative capacity of cells [1]. A significant concern regarding the growing elderly population is the increased prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities that accompany aging, necessitating greater attention to their health and quality of life. One of the most common and critical age-related syndromes impacting the health and well-being of older adults is frailty syndrome. This syndrome is not a disease per se but rather a complex interplay of the natural aging process and various health-related issues, leading to an elevated risk of falls, mobility limitations, decreased ability to perform daily tasks, and reduced social interactions among older individuals [6]. While frailty may be seen as part of the natural aging process, it is detectable, preventable, and treatable. This study investigated the ability of motor function tests to predict frailty and related disorders in elderly men.

Methods

The statistical population for this study comprised elderly men aged 65 and older in Kerman city, Iran. A total of 100 elderly men were selected through convenience sampling. Before the study commenced, all participants completed a questionnaire regarding their personal and medical information and signed a consent form for voluntary participation. During a briefing session, the procedures and correct methods for the tests were explained. On the testing day, participants first completed the Tilburg Vulnerability Index (TFI) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), followed by motor performance tests, including the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Chair Stand, Arm Curl, and Stork Stand tests. Data related to the subjects' demographic characteristics and research variables were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 26 software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess the normality of data distribution, and logistic regression analysis was conducted afterward.

Results

An analysis of the functional tests and IPAQ's ability to predict fatigue in the elderly revealed that 80%, 78%, 66%, 76%, and 70% of individuals were correctly classified using the full model (block one) with the TUG, Chair Stand, Arm Curl, Stork Stand tests, and IPAQ, respectively. Specifically, for the 100 elderly participants, there were classification errors for TUG, Chair Stand, Arm Curl, Stork Stand tests, and IPAQ in only 20, 22, 34, 24, and 30 cases, respectively. Consequently, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.8% and 72.5% for TUG, 57.1% and 98% for the Chair Stand test, 57.1% and 74.5% for the Arm Curl test, 79.6% and 72.5% for the Stork Stand test, and 73.5% and 66.7% for the IPAQ. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent variables significantly affected the dependent variable. The TUG, Chair Stand, Arm Curl, Stork Stand tests, and IPAQ accounted for 47.9%, 39.5%, 10.2%, 39.7%, and 24.3% of the variation in the dependent variable, respectively. The results indicated that elderly men with a TUG test time exceeding 8.50 seconds, a Chair Stand test score below 10, an Arm Curl test score below 14, a Stork Stand test time under 15.50 seconds, and an IPAQ score below 320.91 are at increased risk of frailty.

Discussion and Conclusion

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motor performance tests in predicting frailty among elderly men. Research has shown that tests like the TUG are highly valid as screening tools for identifying frailty and poor physical function [14]. The Chair Stand test is also recognized as a valid measure of physical performance and muscle strength in diagnosing sarcopenia [15]. Although multiple field tests may be beneficial for assessing muscle strength in older adults within clinical settings, only the Chair Stand (for lower body strength) and Arm Curl (for upper body strength) tests are deemed valid [16]. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the capability of the TUG, Chair Stand, Arm Curl, Stork Stand tests, and the IPAQ questionnaire to predict frailty in elderly men, suggesting that these tests should be employed as screening tools for frailty in this population.

Ethical Considerations

This article is based on findings from the first author's thesis approved by Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, which received ethical approval from the university's Research Ethics Committee under code IR.RUMS.REC.1400.263. All ethical principles were upheld in this study. Participants were informed about the study's purpose and procedures, assured of the confidentiality of their information, and were free to withdraw from the study at any time. If desired, they could also receive the study results. The principles of the Helsinki Convention were strictly adhered to.

Funding

No financial support was received from any organization for this research.

Authors' Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and execution of the project, as well as the initial writing and revision of the article, and they all accept responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the article's content with final approval.

Conflict of Interest

Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the study participants and acknowledge all individuals who assisted in this research.

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Rangavar M, Kazemi A, Hosseinzadeh M, Kerendi H. Investigating the ability of motor performance tests to predict frailty and related disorders in elderly men. EBNESINA 2024; 26 (4) :57-67
URL: http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-1365-en.html

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