@article{ author = {Mirzababaie, H and Taraghikhah, E and Alizadeh, K and Samadpour, M}, title = {Evaluation of echocardiographic changes among myocardial infarction patients in Beasat Hospital during 2003}, abstract ={Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most importance diseases which lead to complications in heart structure. Echocardiography is a useful and non-invasive procedure for diagnosis and prognosis in MI patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the echocardiographic changes among myocardial infarction patients in Beasat Hospital during 2003 Material & Method: This is a descriptive-observational study with consecutive sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire and then were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: One hundred thirty eight patients with MI were included. Echocardiography was performed in all patients. Most frequent valvular disorders in ≥70 years old was MR (33%) and TR (35%). These were more prevalent in males (69%) and patients with anteroseptal infarction (28%). Decrease of ejection fraction was more seen in ≥70 years old (35%), inferior infarction (28%), and males (76%). Kinetic disorders (hypokinesia and akinesia) were more prevalent in ≥70 years old (27%), inferior infarctions (30%), and males (75%). Ventricular aneurysm was common in ≤39 years old (50%), 60-69 years old (50%), males (100%), antroseptal infarctions (50%), and extensive anterior infarction (50%). Conclusion: Mechanical complications after MI which are detectable in echocardiography are common. This is more prevalent in males, ≥70 years old patients, and inferior and antroseptal infarctions, but ventricular aneurysm is common in ≤39 years old, 60-69 years old, and in antroseptal and extensive anterior infarctions.}, Keywords = {myocardial infarction, echocardiography, mechanical complications}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-9}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Shahbazi, MH and Sayyadi, A and Zareiy, S}, title = {Assessment of risk factors in Cerebrovascular accident patients: Beasat Hospital between 2000 and 2001}, abstract ={Background: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is one of the common causes of disability and mortality. It is considered as fourth (or third in some others) cause of mortality in the world. Only one third of patients are improved completely. One third of cases lead to constant disability and the others die. There are several risk factors for CVA. The most important risk factors are age, sex, hypertension, cardiac diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and smoking. In this study, we evaluated the risk factors and their epidemiologic prevalence in patients with CVA admitted in Beasat Hospital. We also compare CVA frequency between military and nonmilitary persons. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed with unlikely sampling on 150 patients with CVA admitted to neurology ward of Beasat Hospital during 2000 and 2001. Data were extracted from patient's records, and then were analyzed by using SPSS software with appropriate statistical tests. Results: Overall 37.9% of patients referred to neurology ward were CVA patients. CVA was ischemic in 77%, ICH in 14%, and TIA in 9%. Of patients, 21%, 44% and 35% were military personnel, their families and nonmilitary persons respectively. Sixty eight percent of patients were >65 and 2.6% of them were <40 years old. Males were 65.3% of patients. Diabetes (60.7%), hypertension (88%) hyperlipidemia (59.3%), smoking (38%) and cardiac diseases (61%) were found in our patients. Conclusion: Frequencies of CVA risk factors in our study are similar with other studies. Also, occupational stress in military personnel is not considered as important risk factor of CVA.}, Keywords = {Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), risk factors}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {11-14}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Soudbakhsh, AR and Khalili, H and Rasoulinezhad, M and Haj-Abdolbaghi, M and Saidi, AA and Aminiyanfar, M}, title = {Comparison of zinc plasma level in people with and without HIV infection in Imam Khomeini Hospital, 2006}, abstract ={Background: Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients and its role in immune system function is an interesting matter for researchers. HIV/AIDS as an immune system disorder, presents with impairing in elements of immune system. This study was designed for assessment of zinc level of serum in a group of HIV+ patients and compare with non-HIV people. Determining relationship between zinc level of serum and count of immune cells was another aim of this study. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 96 people in 2 groups: 48 HIV+ and 48 HIV-. HIV negative group was divided in 2 subgroups: IV Drug Users (IDUs) and non-IDUs. Zinc level of serum was measured with atomic absorption method and statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS software. Levels of zinc were compared in different groups. Results: Overall means of zinc plasma level of main groups had significant differences, and HIV+ group showed a significant difference with two other groups. In addition, two groups of HIV- had significant difference. There was a relationship between count of CD4 cells and zinc level of serum. Zinc showed lowest level in HIV+ IDUs, then HIV- IDUs and finally HIV- non-IDUs. Conclusion: Results demonstrate zinc level impairment in HIV+ cases and its association with decrease in determinant parameters of survival such as count of CD4 cells.}, Keywords = {micronutrient, zinc, HIV, AIDS}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Vaseiy, N and Ghaffari, S and Samadpour, M and Alizadeh, K}, title = {Comparison of efficacy of amniotic membrane graft with usual dressings for burning wounds in Motahhari Hospital: 2005-2006}, abstract ={Background: Human Amniotic membrane has been used as a biological dressing in the treatment of burns and the results were compared with ordinary dressing (use of antibacterial cream, silver sulfadiazine). The aim of this study was to compare the results of treatment between usual dressings and amniotic membrane graft. Materials and Methods: In this study 67 patients were randomly selected and divided in two groups: control (conventional dressing) and experimental (amniotic membrane graft). All of confounding factors were alike in two groups. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.15 years. Female and male were 22.4% and 77.6% of patients respectively. There was a significant lower duration of treatment, higher secondary albumin level, lower dressing times, and lower morphine administration in the experimental group (p< 0.0001). Conclusion: These observations indicate that the amniotic membrane can prevent water loss, acts as a barrier against contamination and infection. So that, it aids the healing process and reduces morbidity and mortality. We conclude that use of human amniotic membrane as a biological dressing can be superior compared to conventional dressing.}, Keywords = {Burning, Amniotic membrane graft}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {23-26}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, S and Sagha-Hazrati, S and Zareiy, S}, title = {Salivary pH effect on postoperative pain in dental surgery}, abstract ={Background: Saliva has two major functions in mouth: protective and digestive. Saliva protects mouth cavity through maintenance of humidity of mucous, salivary proteins, antibacterial function, ulcer recovery, early blood coagulation in mouth, and protection of teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of salivary pH on postoperative pain in dental surgery. Material and Methods: This study was performed on 31 patients in surgery ward of dentistry faculty of Islamic Azad University. After selection of cases, salivary pH was measured by using pH meter. Then, data was analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The result showed that the pain has decreased significantly during two postoperative days. Furthermore, there was a severe ascending trend between pH=5 and pH=5.5. There was an ascending-descending trend in pH>5.5. Patients with pH=5.5 had lowest rate of analgesic consumption. Also, patient with pH=5 and pH=7 had minimal and maximal pain rates respectively. In other word, the pain is increased with pH elevation. Conclusion: This study showed the direct association between salivary pH and postoperative pain. Thus, in order to decrease of pain after dental surgery, pre and post operation mouth washing with acidic solutions can be helpful.}, Keywords = {postoperative pain, salivary pH, dental surgery}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-33}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Aminiyanfar, M and Salehi, M and Javanmard, A}, title = {Evaluation T-SPOT TB test in diagnosis of tuberculosis}, abstract ={Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection disease which more than 50% of untreated patients will die during the period of five years after diagnosis. The main goal in TB program is early diagnosis and treatment. Some biochemical tests such as T-SPOT serologic test could be useful for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 60 patients suspected TB which 30 patients were sputum positive and the remainders were sputum negative for acid fast bacilli. After entering the data in the SPSS software, results were showed as specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio. Results: Twenty-three out of 30 patient with sputum positive and 12 patients with sputum negative have positive T-SPOT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio were 76%, 40%, 56%, 63%, 1.25 respectively. Conclusion: We could not differentiate between active and latent infection by using this test. Despite the high infectivity of tuberculosis in this region, this test would not help as a valuable diagnostic method because of the increased pulmonary infection other than TB and lower likelihood ratio.}, Keywords = {Tuberculosis, T-SPOT, Sensitivity, Specificity, Serologic tests}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {34-39}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Khoshdel, F and Yaghoubi, H and Ehteshami, S}, title = {Infectious wounds treatment by fly larvae}, abstract ={When modern medicine fails, it is often useful to draw ideas from ancient treatments. The therapeutic use of fly larvae to debride necrotic tissue, also known as larval therapy, maggot debridement therapy or biosurgery, dates back to the beginnings of civilization. Despite repeatedly falling out of favor largely because of patient intolerance to the treatment, the practice of larval therapy is increasing around the world because of its efficacy, safety and simplicity. Clinical indications for larval treatment are varied, but in particular, are wounds infected with multi-drug-resistant bacteria and the presence of significant co-morbidities precluding surgical intervention. The flies most often used in larval therapy are the facultative calliphorids, with the greenbottle blowfly (Lucilia sericata) being the most widely used species. This review summarizes the fascinating and turbulent history of larval therapy from its origin to the present day, including mechanisms of action and evidence for its clinical applications. It also explores future research directions.}, Keywords = {Larvae, History, Biosurgery, Infectious wound, Maggot therapy}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {41-45}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ghazizadeh, K}, title = {Drugs for Alopecia and Flight}, abstract ={Alopecia in males isn't disease, but is a physiological process due to body hormonal changes. Now, there are several methods for prevention and theatment of Alopecia. Minoxidil (Local) and finastride (oral) are common drugs for this problem which are overthe- counter drugs. It is necessary to Know about application of this drugs during flight with regard to critical conditions in flight and easily access to this drugs. In this article, we review the usability of these drugs for air crew during flight. In the military section: In Candia air force, Pilots are restricted to fly with or as copilot while taking these drugs. These drugs may be used by aircrew other than pilot after a 7 day grounding period to ascertain in any potential side-effects. In the civil section: FAA authorizes use of topical medications that promote hair growth (Rogaine, minoxidil) for flight duty. Oral medications such as propecia (finisteride) and procaine are allowed if there are no side effects after aground test period.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {3}, pages = {46-49}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Montazeri, B and Alizadeh, K and Zarei, S}, title = {The frequency of disabling malignancies in air force personnel during 1371-1382}, abstract ={Background: Disability is a major problem affecting both function and economy of the laborers and society. Malignancies represent a significant proportion of health problems in the working population. This study attempts to determine the frequency of disabling malignancies in air force personnel in a period of 11 years (during 1371-1382). Materials and methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional design a descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all military and nonmilitary (office workers) personnel who had retired for medical reasons with a diagnosis of cancer during 1371-1382. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: Among 1931 individuals who had an early retirement foe medical reasons, 160 (8.3%) had cancer. Average age was 41.2±5.9 years. Average lost service years were 7.5±5.6 years. The malignancies of the nervous system were the most common type (46 cases, 28.7%), including brain tumors (36 cases, 22.5%), followed by gastrointestinal cancers (36 cases, 24.5%). There was a significant relation between different service and the type of cancer. Conclusion: The prevailing disabling cancers were observed in the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract this is similar to other studies. According to our findings cancers do not seem to be a significant etiology for disability. The higher frequency of gastrointestinal cancers in our study may be related to a certain diet or an unhealthy life style factors that are easily amenable to elimination by proper education.}, Keywords = {disability, cancer, military}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {5-10}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Panjehband, M and Teimouri, H and Shokraei, M}, title = {The association between intelligence and compatibility rate in Besat hospital residence\'s soldiers}, abstract ={Background: Some scientists have defined Intelligence as Compatibility ability in new situations. Military Service provides new situation for the individual that requires changes in behaviors to adapt with the new situation. This study is designed in order to investigate the association between soldier's intelligence and their Compatibility rate. Materials and methods: The investigation was performed in ex-post facto method. Subjects under study were 62 Besat Hospital soldiers. Intelligence was evaluated by adult raven test. Compatibility rate was evaluated by Bell Test. Statistical Tests included descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, charts and analytical statistics (Including Pearson Correlation and one way analysis of variance). Results: the average of soldiers' age and military service duration were 20.8 and 13.32, respectively. Intelligence quotient mean was 97.38±15.89 SD. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the association between intelligence and social Compatibility index and yielded a value of r=-0.509. one way analysis of variance was used to Compare Compatibility scores in three intelligence Levels. Difference was significant in 0.01 Level. Conclusion: With increase intelligence in soldiers, their social Compatibility rate also increased and soldier with higher intelligence quotient have higher Compatibility in new situations.}, Keywords = {intelligence, intelligence quotient, military}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-14}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Aminimoghadam, Z and Khosravikia, A}, title = {A comparison of closed surgery with deep suturing and secondary repair (open) in treating pilonideal disease in Fourth Air Force Base and Ayatollah Nabavi Hospital in Dezful}, abstract ={Background: Pilonideal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the sacrococcygeal region that affects mainly young hairy males. Its pathogenesis is not completely understood. The only successful treatment is surgery. In this study two surgical approaches were compared in terms of length of operation, hospital stay, recovery time, number of postoperative visits, size of scar, and postoperative infection and pain. Materials and methods: Patients with chronic pilonideal disease were selected from 108 patients. They were randomly assigned to either closed surgery group (n=41) or secondary repair group (n=43) and followed for one year post operatively. Data were analyzed in the SPSS software using t and chi square tests. Results: Eighty-four patients with an average age of 24 years (range: 16-37) were studied including 44 men (52.4%) and 40 women (48.6%). The closed surgery technique was significantly superior in all the above mentioned parameters except length of operation (p<0.01). No case of infection or recurrence was observed. Conclusion: Considering the fewer complications, lower cost due to less frequent visits, a more rapid return to daily activities, and less pain in the first group and the fact that most such patients are young individuals who can acceptably tolerate a rather longer operation and anesthesia, closed surgery with deep suturing is recommended as the optimal approach for this condition.}, Keywords = {pilonideal disease, treatment, primary repair}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-19}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Hajialiakbar, V and Emami, M and Eskandari, A}, title = {Frequency of fungal pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy specimens of patients hospitalized in Chamran and Amir al momenin Hospitals}, abstract ={Background: Infectious diseases caused by fungal pathogens have increased in the past 10 years. More than 300 pathogenic fungal species have been incriminated as the etiologic agents. This is attributed to the growing population of immunocompromised patients due to epidemic outbreak of AIDS or to other factors such as use of immunosuppressive drugs in recipients of organ transplantation. Materials and methods: In a retrospective cross sectional study we evaluated all consecutive cases who needed a bronchoscopic procedure in Chamran and Amir al Momenin Hospitals between 2003 and 2004. 63 patients underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biopsy specimens were taken. Specimens were studied by direct microscopic examination, culture, and histopathologic assays. Pertinent clinical data were extracted from medical records and analyzed by SPSS descriptive charts were drawn subsequently. Results: Fifty patients underwent bronchoscopy in Chamran Hospital and 13 patients in Amir al Momenin Hospital. We studied 40 males and 23 females. Positive smears were observed in 24 patients (42.9%) and 17 patients (26.9%) had abnormal pathology consistent with fungal infection. The most common fungal agent in smear specimens was Candida (11 cases, 45.5%), especially C. albicans. In biopsy specimens, Aspergillus was the leading offending agent (7 cases, 41%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections is mandatory in order to improve prognosis and reduce mortality. Close cooperation of clinicians and medical mycologists is crucial in this regard.}, Keywords = {fungal disease, respiratory system, bronchoalveolar lavage}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-25}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Karami, H and Alizadeh, A and Golshan, AA}, title = {comparison of the success rate of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in proximal ureteral stones larger than 1cm}, abstract ={Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the success rate of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in proximal ureteral stones larger than 1cm. Materials and methods: From September 2004 through September 2006, 40 patients were selected and assigned in a randomized sequential order to a treatment, with 20 patients in each group of PNL and LUL. Routine lab tests and IVP were performed for all patients. After operation, routine lab tests and KUB were performed for all patients in the hospital and KUB and ultrasonography 2 weeks later. Results: The mean age of the patients in PNL group was 39.4(16-63) years and in LUL group was 35.2 (18-57) years. The mean stone size in PNL group was 14.2 (10-25) mm and in LUL group was 13.5(10-28) mm. Success rate was 100% in both groups. Complications were blood transfusion in two patients in PNL group, fever in 3 patients in PNL group and in 2 patients in LUL group, needed an ICU stay for 1 day in 1 patient in LUL group and prolonged urine leakage in 2 patients in LUL group. Conclusion: Blind access and totally tubeless PNL is a rapid, safe and effective option for large upper ureteral calculi in case of moderate to severe hydronephrosis. Laparoscopy has good results such as PNL but it needs incision of ureter which is similar to open surgery that causes urine leakage and prolongs hospital admission, it needs longer operation time, and special equipment, and is more expensive. It seems that, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a better option than laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of proximal ureteral stone larger than 1 cm.}, Keywords = {urolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, complications}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-32}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Farahvash, AA and Farahvash, MR}, title = {Demographic parameters in patients undergoing head and neck soft tissue tumor surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital\'s Plastic Surgery Ward and Cancer Institute between 1372 – 1383}, abstract ={Background: Soft tissue tumors are one of the most important reasons for cancer mortality. Determination of total frequency of cancers and their causes are difficult due to amplitude of soft tissue tumors and lack of prior evaluation. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of maxillofacial soft tissue tumors. Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive work or more appropriately, a case series. The population under study included patients with soft tissue tumors that referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital's Plastic Surgery Ward and Cancer Institute between 1372 and 1383. SPSS 11.0 (Statistical software) was applied for data analysis. Results: Among 513 evaluated tumors, 475(89%) were malignant and 56(11%) were benign. There were 328(64%) males and 185(36%) females in our study. 293(64%) males had malignant tumors, compared to 164(36%) females. Approximately one fourth of patients were in the 6th decade of their lives. About sixty percent of patients were under age of 60.The most frequent tumor observed was less than 2.5 cm in size. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common tumor in our study with 200(39%) cases and inferior lip was the most common site of soft tissue tumors. Conclusion: Since the mentioned frequency includes referral bias and the nature of our study did not allow the implementation of statistical tests, we suggest to perform a cross sectional study to look for probable correlations and patient survival.}, Keywords = {maxillofacial tumor, soft tissue tumor, head and neck}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Yaghoubi, H and Riahi, S}, title = {Flight stress and how to overcome it}, abstract ={Overstressing impairs mental and physical health and adversely affects the capabilities of the individual. There are two kinds of stress: acute and chronic. While acute stress is transient, chronic stress can be exhausting. The body produces adrenalin in response to stress that causes readiness. Although stress is not a disease by itself, it can predispose to illnesses or worsen the pre existing conditions. There is no universal method to overcome stress. A search in the “Aviation, space and Environmental Medicine” using stress, and flight as keywords revealed that stress can reduce efficacy of pilots in orientation and other duties. Moreover, stressful pilots are more prone to error. While personality has a major role in stress, provision of appropriate relaxing techniques can improve efficacy.}, Keywords = {stress, flight, pilot}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-42}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ghazizadeh, K}, title = {Antibiotics and flight}, abstract ={Antibiotics are among the commonest prescribed medications. The widespread use of antibiotics and resulting drug resistance has led to the development of new drugs and multi drug regimens. A satisfactory knowledge of this group of drugs is important for the aeromedical examiner considering the critical conditions of flight. This article comprises a brief review of antibiotics and pertinent considerations during a flight. In the military section: the Canadian Air Force recommends that the flight crew using antibiotics be grounded for 4 weeks to allow time for the acute phase of the illness to pass and possible adverse reactions to emerge. Crew can return to duty in the absence of complications. In cases of outpatient and long-term treatment, the individual must be under supervision for at least one week. In the civil section: the Federal Aviation Association (FAA) recommends that crew can continue their duties if no adverse reactions occur after 48 hours of usage or prior use. The lack of interference with flight safety must be considered. It is noteworthy that the final decision about the aptness of use of these drugs is the responsibility of the aeromedical examiner.}, Keywords = {antibiotics, flight, military}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {43-60}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Samadi, J and Madaen, SK and Alizadeh, K and Bidi, N}, title = {Determination of anti sperm antibody before and after varicocelectomy}, abstract ={Introduction: Varicocel is known as one of the most common causes for male infertility which occurs by means of different mechanisms. In particular immunological reasons such as anti sperm antibody (ASA) may have role such infertility. Although varicocelectomy is identified as a risk factor producing ASA , its role is not fully understood , while the impact of some other surgeries including vasectomy, orchiopexy and testis biopsy and infection on the production of ASA have already been well recognized. Materials and methods :Upon clinical examination, 65. Varicocel patients, whose were candidate for varicocelectomy surgery, were selected .A prospective study for an assessment of ASA level in semen and serum pre and post surgery was conducted. The level of ASA was measured by direct and indirect sperm-MAR-test. Over 15% ASA level was considered as positive result. Results: 60 patients with the mean age of 24(18-33) completed the study. The semen analysis after surgery showed recovery regarding all three parameters including sperm count, motility and morphology, where changes in count and motility revealed significant (p<0.05) differences. 29 % of patients before surgery showed positive level of ASA(20-40%) , whose ASA level 3-month after surgery yielded 53 %, and serum level of ASA before and after surgery displayed significant (P=O.03l) differences. In semen, however, the level of ASA did not show any differences (p=0.772) .After surgery, semen parameters were compared within ASA positive and negative patients and significant (p= 0.035) differences were observed in terms of motility. Within patients with negative ASA before surgery, 48 patients showed ASA level about 5-15% with no effect on semen parameters. Conclusion: Based on our findings, it can be concluded that varicocelectomy may cause positive ASA levels in serum of patients after surgery. However, in comparison with patient with negative ASA after surgery, no fluctuation in the semen parameters can be seen except reduction in motility. Since varicocelectomy displayed no effect on semen ASA, thus varicocelectomy do not trigger unfavorable effects, even if it initiates some increase in serum ASA.}, Keywords = {Varicocel, Infertility, Antisperm antibody}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-15}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {MadadiGhahan, R and Aghafarajollah, SH and Zareiy, S}, title = {Refractory evaluation of sonografic and pathologic findings in 100 patients with ovarian mass in Naft hospital}, abstract ={Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the second most common cancer in gynecology. The most important prognostic factor is the diagnosis of the cancer in early stages therefore, we tried to evaluate ultrasonography as a non invasive method in the work up ovarian masses. Materials & Methods: The study was retrospective. It involved 100 patients with ovarian mass that had an abdominal ultrasonography 1 week before surgery in that center. All of 100 patients had laparoscopy. After the procedure, we compared pathology and sonography reports. Results: Age of patient's ranged from 12-78 years. sonographic findings in benign tumors included, 80% benign, 14% malignant, 4% normal and 2% suspicious. There fore, the sensitivity of this method in benign tumors is 92%, specificity is 80% and accuracy is 0.85. Sonographic findings in malignant tumors included, 73% benign, 63.4% malignant, 2.4% normal, and 26.8% suspicious. Consequently, the sensitivity of abdominal sonography in malignant tumors is 63%, specificity is 80% and accuracy is 0.7. Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasonography is very sensitive and specific in benign tumors. It also has good specificity and accuracy in malignant tumors as a result it can used as the first step in management of ovarian masses.}, Keywords = {Ovarian mass, Prevention, Sonographic findings, Pathology}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-20}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Panjehband, M and Ehteshami, S and Ghazizadeh, K}, title = {A comparison of anxiety between pilots and office workers}, abstract ={Introduction: Piloting is one of the most critical and stressful professions in any society and may be considered as one of the most important military and defensive occupations. The closer a pilot to physical and mental health the higher is his performance. Thus, anxiety, being an important factor influencing behavior and performance, deserves close attention and careful study. The purpose of this study was to assess anxiety in pilots and to compare results with office workers. Materials & methods: We conducted an ex post facto study to find the underlying factors affecting a behavior (anxiety). To do this, we compared subjects demonstrating this behavior (pilots) with others who lack such a behavior (office workers). A total of 68 pilots were randomly selected from all pilots residing in military air bases and compared with 68 office workers in terms of anxiety. We used the ketel test to assess anxiety. Results: 20.6% were fighter and 79.4% were transport pilots. 39.7% had participated in military operations and 14.7% had experienced air accident. The average anxiety score did not show meaning ful difference among pilots and office workers, pilots participating in military operations versus non participators, and transport and fighter pilots. (p>0.05) The average anxiety score was significantly different between pilots who had experienced air accident and others who lacked such experience. (p<0.05) Conclusion: Our study showed no significant difference in anxiety between pilots and office worker at 0.05 level. The failure to confirm other hypotheses may be due to the paucity of samples. Furthur research in different bases is recommended.}, Keywords = {Anxiety, Pilot, Office workers}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-24}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Berenji, M}, title = {Dermatitis and aircrew}, abstract ={Dermatitis is a common problem both in the workplace and in the general community. Airline personnel represent a novel occupational group as they are also exposed to a wide range of potential chemical irritants and other aggravating factors. Such as low relative humidity and airborne pollutants. Common skin irritants include dielectric fluids from electrodischarge machining, ‘pre-preg’ materials and sealants in aircraft manufacture, kerosene and various jet-fuel components. Commercial jet fuel is a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, and there is potential for dermal exposure among refueling and maintenance crew. Low relative humidity appears to exacerbate dermatitis amongst aircrew, especially on longer flight durations. Pilots may also be exposed to additional skin irritants outside of the cabin environment, such as ethylene glycol, hydraulic fluid or jet fuel, all of which may be encountered during routine inspections of aircraft before and after flight. Given these factors, preventive measures must carefully consider the undoubted potential for contact with irritants and allergens, which may lead to dermatitis in airline personnel.}, Keywords = {Aircrew, Allergens, Dermatitis; Irritants, Occupation, Pilots}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-30}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Darvishi, M and Zareiy, S and Alishah, HA and Saidi, AA and Davarpanah, MA}, title = {Transmission of infections during commercial air travels}, abstract ={Popularly and expansion of air transport and its convenience and ease has made the issue of airborne, food borne and zoonotic disease transmission during air travel to a critical public health problem. The immense fear of bioterrorism draws attention toward the potential of spread of these agents through air travel. The incidence of SARS in 2002 showed the serious role of air transport in rapid dissemination and potential risk of pandemy of such disease. In addition to air crew, public health officials and care providers have a major role in defection and control of infection during air travel and must have of knowledge of the local and international guidelines.}, Keywords = {Air transport, Infections, Control}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-41}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, E and Zareiy, S}, title = {The role of calcium in military nutrition}, abstract ={Calcium is an essential mineral with different vital actions. It is the main constituent of bones and teeth and also plays a mjor role in neural conduction, muscle contraction, control of heart rate, coagulation, energy production, endocrine function, and finally, immune function. There is solid evidence to support the beneficial effects of calcium intake on behavioral performrmance of soldiers. Calcium deficiency in soldiers is usually due to inadequate dietry intake or excessive loss in urine or sweat, strenuous exercise can make up for this dietry inadequacy by increasing the bone mass however, weight loss may decrease bone mass in soldiers. Studies about the role of calcium in preventing fractures in soldiers are under way. It seems that the stress caused by military training increases calcium needs in soldiers, whereas the increase in bone mass, resulting from exercise, may itself make up for this increased need. The institute of medicine recommends the adequate intake (AI) and Military Dietry Reference Intakes (MDRI) to be 1000mg/day for men and women during military training and 750-1000mg/day during military operations.}, Keywords = {Calcium, Military, Behavioral performrmance}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {42-48}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ghazizadeh, K}, title = {Anti fungal drugs & flight}, abstract ={Fungal Infections are common and can be local or systemic. Due to their resistance to common antibiotics there are few drugs for systemic fungal infections. A complete knowledge of antifungal medications is necessary regarding the critical conditions of flight. In the military section: The Canadian Air force allows the use of oral antifungals like terbinafin and flucconazole for non pilots if no adverse reactions occur after being grounded for one week. Pilots who use these drugs don’t receive the permission for flight even as copilot or with copilot assistance. In the civil section: FAA allows the use of oral antifungals like terbinafin, grisefulvin and itraconazol for the treatment of chronic onycomycoses in the absence of adverse effects. It is noteworthy that in the presence of systemic fungal infections which are potentially life threatening, the decision about the flight status depends firstly on the severity of the disease and secondly on the type of medication and is the duty of the flight surgeon.}, Keywords = {Antifungal drugs, Flight, Civil, Military}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-54}, publisher = {Islamic Republic of Iran/ Air Force Health Administration}, url = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.html}, eprint = {http://ebnesina.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf}, journal = {EBNESINA}, issn = {1735-9503}, eissn = {2645-4653}, year = {2007} }