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The effect of physical activity on structural and functional arterial adaptations in humans: a narrative review
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Sima Mohammad Amoli    , Heydar Sadeghi * |
| Department of Sport Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran , sadeghih@khu.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (1706 Views) |
Background and aims: Aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training reduce arterial stiffness, while resistance training does not increase or alter arterial stiffness. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects in different training methods is unclear. Since the existence of a specific phenotype known as "athlete's heart" has been accepted, the question of what vascular adaptations result from exercise is not well understand, and the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this article was to review the studies performed on the effects of different exercises on the structure and function of arteries as well as the possible mechanism of these adaptations.
Methods: In this narrative review, related articles in reputable national and international databases were found by searching keywords like exercise activity, shear stress, thickness and diameter of artery, arterial stiffness, and nitric oxide in the period 1985 to 2021. The final review was done on 45 related articles.
Results: The researchers found a positive relationship between aerobic exercise and increase in blood viscosity, nitric oxide, and vasodilation and also increasing or not changing arterial stiffness following resistance training. Also, local structural adaptations such as change in the diameter of artery in trained limbs and systemic structural adaptations such as changes in thickness in all arteries have been reported.
Conclusion: The results of the present studies showed that vascular adaptations resulting from exercise depend on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise,as well as the limb under training.
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| Keywords: Exercise, Blood Viscosity, Atherosclerosis, Nitric Oxide |
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Full-Text [PDF 1124 kb]
(914 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Original |
Received: 2021/05/15 | Revised: 2022/02/22 | Accepted: 2021/12/13 | Published: 2022/03/30
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