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Meningococcal infection and its effective vaccines
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K Abedini *   , M Darvishi , S Zareiy , M Samadpoor , A Eskandari |
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Abstract: (5974 Views) |
| Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other invasive bacterial infections, both in the United States and worldwide. The role of the meningococcus as a cause of bacterial meningitis has become more important in recent years with the declines in meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae because of the introduction of new conjugate vaccines, Listeria because of efforts to reduce the contamination of food with L. monocytogenes, and group B streptococcus because of the use of chemoprophylaxis during parturition in women.
The development of a pneumococcal vaccine six decades ago demonstrated the feasibility of vaccine prevention of invasive encapsulated bacterial diseases. Purified polysaccharide vaccines for serogroups A and C N. meningitidis were developed several decades later. Early vaccines were poorly immunogenic apparently because the polysaccharides that were used were of low molecular weight, whereas vaccines made from polysaccharide with a molecular weight over 100,000 had excellent immunogenicity.
Meningococcal conjugate vaccines, are typically T-cell dependent, which as regards of immunologic improvements over polysaccharide vaccines. The carrier proteins used for meningococcal conjugate vaccines have included tetanus toxoid protein, diphtheria toxoid, and diphtheria cross-reactive material (CRM)197.
The immunogenicity of a variety of outer membrane protein- based serogroup B vaccines has been studied. In an evaluation of three doses of a Cuban B:4:P1.15 vaccine and a Norwegian B:15:P1.7,16 showed that more than two-thirds of children and adults had at least a fourfold rise in SBA, as did at least 90% of infants |
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| Keywords: N. meningitides, Vaccine, Meningococcal infection |
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Full-Text [PDF 268 kb]
(3323 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Original |
Received: 2014/09/8 | Accepted: 2014/09/8 | Published: 2014/09/8
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